Apple VideoToolbox

Apple VideoToolbox is the native macOS hardware encode path. Binary installs are strongly recommended. Docker on macOS has limited VideoToolbox access and is not the reliable path for production encoding.

Supported hardware

Hardware	H.264	HEVC	AV1	Notes
Intel + T2	Yes	Yes	No	HEVC depends on T2-capable hardware
M1 / M2	Yes	Yes	No	Native media engines
M3+	Yes	Yes	Yes	AV1 encode support

Install path

Use the Alchemist macOS binary plus a Homebrew FFmpeg build:

brew install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -encoders | grep videotoolbox

Expected encoders include:

• h264_videotoolbox
• hevc_videotoolbox
• av1_videotoolbox on M3+

Critical probe note

VideoToolbox fails with error -12908 if you probe it with a synthetic lavfi frame without -allow_sw 1 and -vf format=yuv420p. Alchemist 0.3.0 includes that fix in hardware detection automatically.

If you want to verify the probe manually, use this exact command:

ffmpeg -f lavfi -i color=c=black:s=64x64:d=0.1 \
  -vf format=yuv420p \
  -c:v hevc_videotoolbox \
  -allow_sw 1 \
  -frames:v 1 -f null -

In Alchemist

Set Settings → Hardware → Preferred Vendor → apple. Do not set a device path. VideoToolbox is not exposed as a Linux-style render node.